Endoscopic Management of Anastomotic Leak and Hematoma: A Case Study

By Bo Shen, MD

The Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit at Cleveland Clinic’s Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute is a pioneer and world leader in the endoscopic management of IBD and colorectal surgery-associated complications.

For the past decade, we have developed a range of novel endoscopic techniques to manage strictures, fistula, anastomotic leak and abscess, including endoscopic stricturotomy, endoscopic sinusotomy, endoscopic septectomy, endoscopic fistulotomy, endoscopic incision and drainage, endoscopy-guide seton and drainage catheter placement.

Vignette:

A 65-year-old man was transferred to our hospital service from out of state for an acute presacral anastomotic leak with a large hematoma, resulting in severe rectal bleeding that required blood transfusion.

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The long sinus track from the anastomosis.

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Treated sinus track, almost resolved.

The patient had undergone partial colectomy, colorectal anastomosis and ileostomy for advanced rectal cancer and radiation therapy. The bleeding failed to respond to therapy with endoscopic hemoclips and epinephrine injection.

The interventional endoscopist was able to successfully control the bleeding with an innovative instillation of hyperosmolar dextrose via endoscopy and enemas. After cessation of bleeding, the presacral hematoma was replaced by a 3.5 cm anastomotic sinus.

Subsequently, the presacral sinus was completely healed with two sessions of endoscopic sinusotomy with isolated knife tip (see main image above), which was pioneered at Cleveland Clinic. Each session of this outpatient endoscopic procedure took 15 minutes with the patient under conscious sedation. The recovery time for each procedure was 30 minutes.

The patient was ultimately able to have stoma closure and avoid a permanent ostomy.

References:

Wu XR, Wong RC, Shen B. Endoscopic needle-knife therapy for ileal pouch sinus: a novel approach for the surgical adverse event (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78:875-885.

Shen B. Exploring endoscopic therapy for the treatment of Crohn’s disease-related fistula and abscess. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;85:1133-1143.